Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)
Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are relevant, sustainable responses to the natural risks accentuated by climate change, as well as a way to protect biodiversity. The concept was proposed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) at the Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen in 2009.
Initially based on the use of rewilding for nature itself, the definition of term has evolved to encompass a broader approach. In 2020, the IUCN defined NBS as “actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural and modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously benefiting people and nature”.
In the water sector, NBS are reflected in a wide variety of actions that use ecological principles to address various technical challenges. NBS combine “ecosystem” benefits with technical management. Some practical examples of nature-based solutions include alternative rainwater management approaches, new agricultural practices that limit run-off and encourage infiltration, sustainable, responsible and “permeable” town planning, and treatment using planted discharge zones.